Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea, eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean*

doi:10.11978/2017113

Abstract

Abstract:

In this paper, we reported the latest bottom water temperature (BWT) data, from 158 stations in the South China Sea (SCS), 30 stations in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and 37 stations in the western Pacific Ocean (WPO). Based on the new data in the SCS and WPO, we obtained good empirical relationships between BWT and water depth. They can provide accurate and reliable boundary conditions for geophysics and physical oceanography in the SCS and WPO. Furthermore, it will be very helpful for the investigation and assessment of oil and gas resources in the oceans. The measured BWT in the SCS (~2.47°C) is higher than that in the EIO (~1.34°C) and WPO (~1.60°C) where the water depth is deeper than 3500 m. This is consistent with the model of the great ocean conveyor belt since the cold and saline deep water, which is from Greenland, Iceland in the North Atlantic and the sea area around the Antarctica, enters the Indian and Pacific oceans from the south. In the Southwest Taiwan Basin, the BWTs at several stations are around 3.00°C, which is clearly higher than the average value (~2.33°C) at other stations with the same water depth range (2700~3000 m) in this basin. The local high anomaly of BWT is probably caused by the hydrothermal activity in the Southwest Taiwan Basin. In the EIO and WPO, the BWT increases slightly at the rates of 10.6 mK·MPa^-1 and 12.0 mK·MPa^-1, respectively, when the water depth is deeper than 4800 m. The rising rates are consistent with the estimated adiabatic pressure derivative of the temperature of the deep bottom water. It indicates that the BWT rising is mainly caused by the adiabatic compression in the deep water.

Key words: bottom water temperature, South China Sea, eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific Ocean, model of the great ocean conveyor belt

CLC Number:

P733.41

Xiaoqiu YANG, Xiaobin SHI, Junfeng ZHAO, Chuanhai YU, Hongfang GAO, Aihua CHEN, Yuanzheng LU, Xianrong CEN, Weiren LIN, Xin ZENG, Hehua XU, Ziqiang REN, Shengqi ZHOU, Ziying XU, Jinlong SUN, Nana KAMIYA, Jian LIN. Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea, eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(5): 86-97.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Appendix 1

The detailed information of the bottom water temperature (BWT) stations"

No.	Station	Longitude	Latitude	Water Depth /m	BWT /°C	Method	Sea Area	Measurement Time/(Year. Month)	Cruise or Reference
1	SCS2010HF-Test03	110°57′48″E	18°4′11″N	1158	3.479	HF Probe	SCS	2010.03	(1)
2	SCS2010HF01	117°58′22″E	21°0′2″N	1440	2.916	HF Probe	SCS	2010.08-09	(1)
3	SCS2010HF02	118°11′27″E	20°47′44″N	2230	2.347	HF Probe	SCS	2010.08-09	(1)
4	SCS2010HF03	118°22′21″E	20°33′48″N	2410	2.353	HF Probe	SCS	2010.08-09	(1)
5	SCS2010HF04	118°36′1″E	20°23′46″N	2810	2.362	HF Probe	SCS	2010.08-09	(1)
6	SCS2010HF05	118°51′24″E	20°12′20″N	2866	2.309	HF Probe	SCS	2010.08-09	(1)
7	SCS2012HF01	114°46′47″E	19°38′20″N	1516	2.850	HF Probe	SCS	2012.09	(2)
8	SCS2013-OBS05	111°26′58″E	16°15′43″N	856	4.198	OBS	SCS	2013.05-06	(3)
9	SCS2013-OBS10	112°15′42″E	17°25′57″N	1204	3.255	OBS	SCS	2013.05-06	(3)
10	SCS2014-OBS30	117°35′41″E	19°52′16″N	2815	2.254	OBS	SCS	2014.05-06	(4)
11	SCS2014-OBS33	117°49′22″E	19°22′47″N	3616	2.494	OBS	SCS	2014.05-06	(4)
12	SCS2014-OBS36	118°0′51″E	19°39′3″N	3168	2.454	OBS	SCS	2014.05-06	(4)
13	SCS2015-Test01	115°41′12″E	22°44′42″N	14	23.636	SBC	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
14	SCS2015CTD-01	115°48′22″E	22°29′50″N	31	21.141	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
15	SCS2015CTD-02	116°9′56″E	22°14′59″N	47	21.165	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
16	SCS2015CTD-03	116°30′3″E	21°59′58″N	86	19.961	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
17	SCS2015CTD-04	116°45′10″E	21°45′20″N	165	16.618	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
18	SCS2015CTD-05	116°59′42″E	21°29′46″N	328	11.193	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
19	SCS2015CTD-06	115°59′37″E	20°59′53″N	330	12.025	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
20	SCS2015CTD-07	115°45′28″E	21°14′22″N	123	16.974	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
21	SCS2015CTD-08	115°30′10″E	21°30′6″N	109	19.027	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
22	SCS2015CTD-09	115°14′53″E	21°45′2″N	90	19.619	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
23	SCS2015CTD-10	115°0′11″E	22°0′11″N	59	21.465	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
24	SCS2015CTD-11	114°3′36″E	21°45′48″N	39	21.925	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
25	SCS2015CTD-12	114°12′1″E	21°31′12″N	55	21.448	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
26	SCS2015CTD-13	114°22′39″E	21°12′35″N	76	20.997	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
27	SCS2015CTD-14	114°33′6″E	20°53′53″N	82	21.471	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
28	SCS2015CTD-15	114°44′1″E	20°35′57″N	108	19.624	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
29	SCS2015CTD-16	114°55′6″E	20°18′0″N	174	15.669	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
30	SCS2015CTD-17	114°44′1″E	20°35′57″N	1008	4.610	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
31	SCS2015CTD-17-3	115°6′43″E	20°0′4″N	904	4.872	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
32	SCS2015HF-01(CTD)	114°58′5″E	19°41′57″N	1612	2.755	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
33	SCS2015HF-02(CTD)	115°5′11″E	19°30′25″N	1734	2.577	CTD	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
34	SCS2015HF-01	114°58′36″E	19°41′48″N	1636	2.763	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
35	SCS2015HF-02	115°6′1″E	19°29′55″N	1758	2.578	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
36	SCS2015HF-03-1	115°13′52″E	19°18′5″N	1859	2.565	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
37	SCS2015HF-04	115°20′27″E	19°6′30″N	2296	2.436	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
38	SCS2015HF-05	115°16′52″E	19°13′59″N	2019	2.513	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
39	SCS2015HF-06	115°10′29″E	19°23′24″N	1775	2.607	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
40	SCS2015HF-07	115°2′37″E	19°35′30″N	1775	2.678	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
41	SCS2015HF-08	114°54′53″E	19°47′43″N	1140	4.034	HF Probe	SCS	2015.06-07	(5)
42	SCS2015-ST01	111°20′28″E	15°27′30″N	1105	4.113	ST	SCS	2015.07-2016.10	(5,
43	SCS2016CTD-A20	114°9′46″E	19°55′10″N	472	9.370	CTD	SCS	2016.09	(7)
44	SCS2016CTD-A21	114°20′42″E	19°35′57″N	954	5.206	CTD	SCS	2016.09	(7)
45	SCS2016HF-01	115°4′45″E	19°45′30″N	1653	2.756	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
46	SCS2016HF-02	115°9′26″E	19°38′9″N	1907	2.597	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
47	SCS2016HF-03	115°12′1″E	19°32′9″N	1998	2.513	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
48	SCS2016HF-04	115°16′11″E	19°26′26″N	2044	2.472	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
49	SCS2016HF-06	115°28′37″E	19°33′19″N	2285	2.439	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
50	SCS2016HF-07	115°22′27″E	19°43′15″N	1900	2.602	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
51	SCS2016HF-08	114°55′24″E	19°44′59″N	1395	3.008	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
52	SCS2016HF-09	114°59′15″E	19°39′30″N	1679	2.720	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
53	SCS2016HF-10	115°4′24″E	19°35′3″N	1738	2.651	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
54	SCS2016HF-11	115°6′32″E	19°27′46″N	1728	2.638	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
55	SCS2016HF-12	115°9′8″E	19°19′46″N	1718	2.658	HF Probe	SCS	2016.09	(7)
56	617sy	113°55′12″E	18°10′48″N	2974	2.371	HF Probe	SCS	2008.06	(8)
57	621sy-1	112°51′36″E	18°10′12″N	2476	2.374	HF Probe	SCS	2008.06	(8)
58	621sy-2	112°51′36″E	18°10′12″N	2476	2.382	HF Probe	SCS	2008.06	(8)
59	HF2-1	115°7′15″E	19°56′25″N	1225	3.490	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
60	HF2-2	115°8′13″E	19°54′30″N	1160	3.639	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
61	HF2-3	115°8′44″E	19°52′55″N	1200	4.512	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
62	HF2-4	115°10′12″E	19°51′29″N	1250	3.390	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
63	HF2-5	115°10′53″E	19°50′10″N	1400	2.941	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
64	HF2-6	115°11′46″E	19°48′35″N	1540	2.700	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
65	HF5-1	115°11′33″E	19°54′18″N	1250	3.342	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
66	HF5-2	115°12′9″E	19°53′20″N	1280	3.290	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
67	HF5-3	115°13′22″E	19°51′30″N	1320	3.101	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
68	HF5-4	115°14′8″E	19°50′17″N	1390	2.958	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
69	HF5-5	115°14′59″E	19°49′3″N	1500	2.814	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
70	HF5-6	115°16′2″E	19°47′31″N	1682	2.768	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
71	Hf0910	115°20′60″E	19°25′48″N	1500	2.450	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)
72	ZS01	-	-	1150	3.959	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
73	ZS02	-	-	1830	2.534	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
74	ZS03	-	-	2040	2.452	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
75	ZS04	-	-	2930	2.341	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
76	ZS05	-	-	2938	2.356	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
77	ZS06	-	-	3010	2.344	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
78	ZS07	-	-	3030	2.350	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
79	ZS08	-	-	3170	2.427	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
80	ZS09	-	-	3420	2.377	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
81	ZS10	-	-	3540	2.365	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
82	ZS11	-	-	3616	2.362	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
83	ZS12	-	-	3623	2.363	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
84	ZS13	-	-	3630	2.400	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
85	ZS14	-	-	3640	2.382	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
86	ZS15	-	-	3720	2.375	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
87	ZS16	-	-	3740	2.378	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
88	ZS17	-	-	3780	2.389	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
89	ZS18	-	-	3800	2.402	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
90	ZS19	-	-	3802	2.383	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
91	ZS20	-	-	3843	2.566	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
92	ZS21	-	-	3870	2.410	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
93	ZS22	-	-	3880	2.389	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
94	ZS23	-	-	3880	2.412	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
95	ZS24	-	-	3900	2.525	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
96	ZS25	-	-	3917	2.543	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
97	ZS26	-	-	3930	2.565	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
98	ZS27	-	-	3937	2.528	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
99	ZS28	-	-	3939	2.538	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
100	ZS29	-	-	3947	2.562	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
101	ZS30	-	-	3964	2.539	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
102	ZS31	-	-	3967	2.540	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
103	ZS32	-	-	3980	2.563	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
104	ZS33	-	-	4006	2.544	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
105	ZS34	-	-	4020	2.420	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
106	ZS35	-	-	4038	2.546	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
107	ZS36	-	-	4040	2.427	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
108	ZS37	-	-	4046	2.553	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
109	ZS38	-	-	4050	2.413	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
110	ZS39	-	-	4057	2.551	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
111	ZS40	-	-	4102	2.527	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
112	ZS41	-	-	4170	2.395	HF Probe	SCS	2009.08-09	(9)*
113	IODP349-U1431D	117°0′0″E	15°22′32″N	4241	2.500	IODP	SCS	2014.02-03	(Expedition 349 Scientists, 2014)
114	IODP349-U1432C	116°23′27″E	18°21′5″N	3829	2.400	IODP	SCS	2014.02-03	(Expedition 349 Scientists, 2014)
115	IODP349-U1433A	115°2′50″E	12°55′8″N	4379	2.500	IODP	SCS	2014.02-03	(Expedition 349 Scientists, 2014)
116	630ht1b	119°39′9″E	22°19′0″N	2006	2.792	HF Probe	SCS	2001.11	(Shyu et al, 2006)
117	630ht2	119°29′11″E	22°10′25″N	2006	2.576	HF Probe	SCS	2001.11	(Shyu et al, 2006)
118	630ht4	119°48′26″E	22°9′43″N	1307	3.093	HF Probe	SCS	2001.11	(Shyu et al, 2006)
119	630ht7	120°6′39″E	21°57′4″N	1469	3.023	HF Probe	SCS	2001.11	(Shyu et al, 2006)
120	630ht8	120°3′44″E	21°57′3″N	1341	3.037	HF Probe	SCS	2001.11	(Shyu et al, 2006)
121	698ht07	119°30′0″E	21°47′24″N	2756	3.036	HF Probe	SCS	2003.01	(Shyu et al, 2006)
122	680ht9-1	119°40′13″E	21°44′55″N	2908	2.229	HF Probe	SCS	2003.05	(Shyu et al, 2006)
123	680ht11	119°58′6″E	21°50′48″N	1730	2.387	HF Probe	SCS	2003.05	(Shyu et al, 2006)
124	680ht12	120°5′14″E	21°53′11″N	1663	2.541	HF Probe	SCS	2003.05	(Shyu et al, 2006)
125	680ht14	120°23′36″E	21°59′32″N	954	4.608	HF Probe	SCS	2003.05	(Shyu et al, 2006)
126	680ht19	119°53′59″E	21°38′24″N	3107	2.382	HF Probe	SCS	2003.05	(Shyu et al, 2006)
127	698ht30	119°20′20″E	21°43′49″N	2839	2.940	HF Probe	SCS	2003.01	(Shyu et al, 2006)
128	698ht41	119°33′44″E	21°43′8″N	2780	2.987	HF Probe	SCS	2003.01	(Shyu et al, 2006)
129	698ht44	119°54′43″E	21°42′37″N	2906	2.996	HF Probe	SCS	2003.01	(Shyu et al, 2006)
130	714ht2	119°58′49″E	22°14′23″N	948	4.462	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
131	714ht4	119°48′37″E	22°5′27″N	1660	2.632	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
132	714ht10	119°49′9″E	21°47′41″N	2477	2.356	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
133	714ht18	120°3′36″E	21°41′33″N	2781	2.371	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
134	714htg21	119°52′53″E	22°15′12″N	1312	3.355	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
135	714ht46	120°33′13″E	21°31′6″N	1799	2.583	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
136	714ht49	120°9′49″E	21°27′16″N	2887	2.355	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
137	714ht50	120°3′1″E	21°26′3″N	2884	2.349	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
138	714ht53	119°43′5″E	21°22′51″N	3209	2.453	HF Probe	SCS	2004.04	(Shyu et al, 2006)
139	NS01	-	-	1602	2.800	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
140	NS02	-	-	2836	2.563	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
141	NS03	-	-	2469	2.554	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
142	NS04	-	-	1642	2.778	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
143	NS05	-	-	2275	2.582	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
144	NS06	-	-	1554	2.876	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
145	NS07	-	-	1987	2.581	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
146	NS08	-	-	1726	2.721	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
147	NS09	-	-	1888	2.665	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
148	NS10	-	-	908	5.096	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
149	NS11	-	-	4359	2.507	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
150	NS12	-	-	3017	2.370	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
151	NS13	-	-	1481	3.028	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
152	NS14	-	-	1755	2.672	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
153	NS15	-	-	1761	2.667	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
154	NS16	-	-	2100	2.550	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
155	NS17	-	-	1709	2.786	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
156	NS18	-	-	1715	2.698	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
157	NS19	-	-	1227	3.478	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
158	NS20	-	-	2906	2.567	HF Probe	SCS	2014.06	*
159	Ind2010HF01a	91°0′21″E	10°0′44″N	3460	1.373	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
160	Ind2010HF01b	91°0′18″E	10°0′34″N	3460	1.373	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
161	Ind2010HF02	90°39′25″E	10°0′5″N	3360	1.362	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
162	Ind2010HF04	89°59′49″E	10°0′16″N	3303	1.335	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
163	Ind2010HF05	89°29′14″E	10°0′6″N	3340	1.452	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
164	Ind2010HF06	89°0′2″E	10°0′19″N	3368	1.491	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
165	Ind2010HF07a	88°29′20″E	9°59′44″N	3400	1.479	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
166	Ind2010HF07b	88°29′13″E	9°59′48″N	3400	1.478	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
167	Ind2010HF07c	88°29′8″E	9°59′54″N	3400	1.477	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
168	Ind2010HF08	87°59′43″E	9°59′16″N	3412	1.486	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
169	Ind2010HF09	86°57′13″E	10°2′60″N	3472	1.484	HF Probe	EIO	2010.04	(10)
170	Ind2013HF01	98°29′54″E	6°59′47″S	4852	1.143	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
171	Ind2013HF02	97°46′3″E	6°1′11″S	5725	1.252	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
172	Ind2013HF04	95°19′3″E	2°57′26″S	4810	1.150	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
173	Ind2013HF05	94°20′11″E	1°25′32″S	4617	1.144	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
174	Ind2013HF06	93°48′53″E	0°27′53″S	4527	1.151	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
175	Ind2013HF07	90°57′19″E	0°0′30″N	4532	1.149	HF Probe	EIO	2013.04	(11)
176	49MR03K04_5_I03-458	107°30′20″E	20°0′2″S	5391	1.187	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
177	49MR03K04_5_I03-459	106°37′29″E	19°59′46″S	5527	1.187	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
178	49MR03K04_5_I03-460	105°45′30″E	19°59′34″S	5305	1.151	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
179	49MR03K04_5_I03-462	104°0′37″E	19°59′40″S	5479	1.196	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
180	49MR03K04_5_I03-464	102°14′34″E	19°59′50″S	6052	1.237	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
181	49MR03K04_5_I03-468	98°42′58″E	19°59′59″S	6305	1.258	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
182	49MR03K04_5_I03-470	96°57′12″E	19°59′28″S	5339	1.124	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
183	49MR03K04_5_I03-473	94°18′29″E	19°59′53″S	5133	1.107	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
184	49MR03K04_5_I03-474	93°31′58″E	19°59′28″S	5325	1.143	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
185	49MR03K04_5_I03-475	92°48′16″E	19°59′41″S	5081	1.124	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
186	49MR03K04_5_I03-476	92°21′27″E	19°59′48″S	5130	1.123	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
187	49MR03K04_5_I03-477	91°48′54″E	19°59′48″S	5028	1.110	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
188	49MR03K04_5_I03-X09	95°0′44″E	20°11′42″S	5273	1.130	CTD	EIO	2004.01	(12)†
189	KR09-16HF03A	145°3′13″E	39°0′5″N	5510	1.557	HF Probe	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
190	KR09-16HFPC01	145°14′55″E	38°59′38″N	5405	1.548	HF Probe	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
191	KR09-16HFPC02	144°35′37″E	38°4′54″N	5750	1.591	HF Probe	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
192	KR09-167KⅡ#461	145°40′24″E	40°15′12″N	5216	1.527	CTD_ROV	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
193	KR09-167KⅡ#462	145°40′24″E	40°15′12″N	5216	1.525	CTD_ROV	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
194	KR09-167KⅡ#463	144°35′45″E	38°4′48″N	5741	1.584	CTD_ROV	NWPO	2009.11	(13)
195	IODP316-C0007A	136°47′57″E	33°1′14″N	4081	1.650	IODP	WPO	2007.09-2008.02	(Kimura et al, 2008)
196	IODP332-C0010A	136°41′12″E	32°12′36″N	2552	1.700	IODP	WPO	2010.10-12	(Kopf et al, 2011)
197	IODP337-C0020A	142°12′2″E	41°10′36″N	1180	3.600	IODP	NWPO	2012.07-09	(Inagaki et al, 2012)
198	IODP343-C0022D	143°54′48″E	37°56′19″N	6898	1.700	IODP	NWPO	2012.04-05	(Chester et al, 2012)
199	HPD0940HDDB103	139°13′0″E	35°4′60″N	920	3.675	ROV	WPO	2008.12.23	(14)‡
200	KAIKO0647C2HDF101	153°15′13″E	22°38′59″N	4055	1.470	ROV	WPO	2015.02.07	(15)‡
201	KAIKO0648C2HDF101	135°6′39″E	19°19′26″N	5682	1.755	ROV	WPO	2015.02.23	(16)‡
202	KAIKO0650C2HDF102	134°56′42″E	32°21′13″N	4665	1.642	ROV	WPO	2015.03.04	(17)‡
203	MT2016-P1	142°42′34″E	10°42′51″N	5441	1.528	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
204	MT2016-P2	142°37′11″E	10°48′59″N	5693	1.560	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
205	MT2016-P4	142°26′24″E	11°1′14″N	7015	1.758	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
206	MT2016-P6	142°2′30″E	11°28′33″N	7520	1.830	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
207	MT2016-P7	141°57′7″E	11°34′41″N	6114	1.664	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
208	MT2016-P8	141°51′44″E	11°40′49″N	5337	1.530	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
209	MT2016-P9	141°46′21″E	11°46′58″N	4567	1.520	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
210	MT2016-P10	141°40′57″E	11°53′6″N	2667	1.593	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
211	MT2016-P11	141°35′33″E	11°59′14″N	1665	2.197	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
212	MT2016-P13	141°24′45″E	12°11′30″N	4171	1.591	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
213	MT2016-P14	141°19′20″E	12°17′37″N	5526	1.691	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
214	MT2016-P17	141°3′5″E	12°35′60″N	2724	1.697	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
215	MT2016-PA05	141°29′59″E	12°33′2″N	3223	1.647	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
216	MT2016-PA06	141°45′39″E	12°14′3″N	2121	2.017	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
217	MT2016-PA07	142°1′27″E	11°56′8″N	4889	1.502	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
218	MT2016-PA08	141°35′26″E	11°33′59″N	5582	1.569	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
219	MT2016-PA09	141°16′22″E	11°55′57″N	3839	1.535	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
220	MT2016-PA10	140°57′14″E	12°16′14″N	3521	1.574	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
221	MT2016-PA11	140°55′51″E	11°58′20″N	4205	1.520	OBS	WPO	2016.11-12	(18)
222	WPO-CTD-02	-	-	1736	2.411	CTD	WPO	2015.06	*
223	WPO-CTD-03	-	-	1527	2.776	CTD	WPO	2015.06	*
224	WPO-CTD-04	-	-	1771	2.345	CTD	WPO	2015.06	*
225	WPO-CTD-05	-	-	2084	1.969	CTD	WPO	2015.06	*

Appendix 1

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No.	T₀/°C	T₀/K	P/MPa	S/‰	α_v×10^-6 /°C^-1	ρ×10³ /(kg·m^-3)	c_p×10³ /(J·kg^-1·°C^-1)	(ρc_p) /(MJ·m^-3·°C^-1)	β=(∂T/∂P)_s /(°C·MPa^-1)	Sea Area
1	1.200	274.350	48.0	34.698	179.9	1.049	3.861	4.051	0.0122	EIO
2	1.200	274.350	50.0	34.698	183.9	1.050	3.857	4.050	0.0125	EIO
3	1.200	274.350	60.0	34.698	203.1	1.054	3.838	4.046	0.0138	EIO
4	1.200	274.350	70.0	34.698	221.1	1.058	3.821	4.044	0.0150	EIO
5	1.200	274.350	80.0	34.698	237.9	1.062	3.805	4.043	0.0161	EIO
6	1.665	274.815	48.0	34.698	183.5	1.049	3.863	4.053	0.0124	WPO
7	1.665	274.815	50.0	34.698	187.4	1.050	3.859	4.052	0.0127	WPO
8	1.665	274.815	60.0	34.698	206.3	1.054	3.840	4.048	0.0140	WPO
9	1.665	274.815	70.0	34.698	224.0	1.058	3.823	4.046	0.0152	WPO
10	1.665	274.815	80.0	34.698	240.5	1.062	3.807	4.045	0.0163	WPO