珍珠湾卵形鲳鲹养殖区水体细菌多样性及环境因子相关性

doi:10.11978/2025185

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to evaluate bacterial diversity in the seawater of the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area and its relationship with environmental factors, providing scientific support for optimizing the aquaculture environment and improving efficiency. Seawater samples collected from March 2024 to February 2025 were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess bacterial diversity across different seasons and sampling sites. The relationships between bacterial community structure and environmental conditions were further investigated. Overall, the physicochemical properties of seawater in the Pearl Bay aquaculture area exhibited significant spatiotemporal variations, particularly a significantly higher chlorophyll a concentration in the summer samples collected inside the cages (N-sum) compared with the winter samples collected outside the cages (W-win). The bacterial communities were classified into 23 phyla, 47 classes, 102 orders, 187 families, and 271 genera, with Pseudomonadota being the dominant phylum, accounting for 48.45% to 53.20% of the relative abundance. Seasonal variation had a notable impact on bacterial communities: the alpha diversity indices (Ace, Chao1, Simpson, and Shannon) of the spring samples from the non-aquaculture area (C-spr) were significantly lower than those of the autumn samples from inside the cages (N-aut) (P<0.05), likely due to seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that salinity, temperature, and nitrate were the major environmental factors significantly influencing bacterial community structure. Mantel tests and correlation analyses further confirmed nitrate as the primary environmental driver of community structure. Functional prediction using PICRUSt2 (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states 2) showed that bacterial functions were mainly associated with metabolic processes, genetic information processing, and cellular information processing. This study demonstrates that seawater in the Pearl Bay T. ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area harbors diverse bacterial communities shaped by multiple environmental factors, among which nitrate plays a particularly pivotal role. These findings provide essential baseline data for the development of marine aquaculture and offer valuable insights for the scientific prevention and understanding of disease dynamics in the Pearl Bay cage aquaculture system.

Key words: Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus, bacterial community, environmental factors, correlation, high-throughput sequencing, Pearl Bay

CLC Number:

P735

JIA Suxiao, ZHANG Ruirui, WU Xiaoke, QIU Yueshan, LI Qiying, OU Haixu, SUN Guoling, CHANG Taoqi, XU Youhou, CAI Shuanghu. Analysis of bacterial diversity and environmental factors in the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 63-76.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Main physicochemical properties of seawater in the T. ovatus aquaculture area of Pearl Bay in four seasons"

组别	温度/℃	盐度/‰	pH	溶解氧/ (mg·L⁻¹)	叶绿素a/ (mg·m⁻³)	硝酸盐/ (mg·L⁻¹)	亚硝酸/(mg·L⁻¹)	氨氮/(mg·L⁻¹)	总磷/ (mg·L⁻¹)	化学需氧量 /(mg·L⁻¹)
W-spr	26.26±5.20^b	30.42±1.48^bc	7.93±0.35^abcd	7.34±1.03^ab	2.06±2.45^a	0.99±0.09^b	0.0058±0.0055^ab	0.0752±0.0073^e	0.10±0.18^bc	0.72±0.51^bc
N-spr	26.27±5.05^b	30.52±1.46^bc	7.79±0.23^abc	7.17±1.00^ab	1.95±2.20^a	0.98±0.11^b	0.0084±0.0058^ab	0.0744±0.0072^de	0.11±0.13^c	0.77±0.37^c
C-spr	26.41±4.79^b	30.57±1.60^bc	7.96±0.41^abcd	7.59±0.88^bc	1.99±2.37^a	0.98±0.09^b	0.0058±0.0038^ab	0.0736±0.0077^bcde	0.03±0.01^abc	0.61±0.46^abc
W-sum	30.86±0.51^c	24.42±2.39^a	7.63±0.76^a	6.50±0.63^a	11.69±4.24^c	1.06±0.04^c	0.0147±0.0163^b	0.0754±0.0043^e	0.05±0.03^abc	0.50±0.17^abc
N-sum	30.86±0.54^c	24.56±2.68^a	7.67±0.77^ab	6.56±0.58^a	11.51±4.16^c	1.06±0.03^c	0.0149±0.0165^b	0.0739±0.0033^cde	0.04±0.01^abc	0.54±0.20^abc
C-sum	30.62±0.57^c	24.76±2.28^a	7.72±0.73^ab	6.66±0.56^a	11.09±3.30^c	1.05±0.04^c	0.0152±0.0173^b	0.0728±0.0038^abcde	0.03±0.01^abc	0.68±0.22^bc
W-aut	26.39±1.94^b	29.55±0.77^b	8.10±0.12^bcd	6.89±0.51^ab	5.31±1.83^b	0.93±0.05^ab	0.0045±0.0024^a	0.0685±0.0050^ab	0.03±0.02^a	0.50±0.16^abc
N-aut	26.38±1.95^b	29.51±0.72^b	8.21±0.02^cd	6.78±0.52^ab	5.04±1.07^b	0.92±0.05^ab	0.0059±0.0046^ab	0.0689±0.0049^abc	0.02±0.00^a	0.50±0.23^abc
C-aut	26.52±2.03^b	29.61±0.82^b	8.26±0.04^d	7.08±0.94^ab	4.88±3.00^b	0.94±0.05^ab	0.0035±0.0017^a	0.0677±0.0037^a	0.03±0.02^ab	0.45±0.28^ab
W-win	19.36±2.09^a	31.45±0.59^c	8.34±0.14^d	8.27±0.92^c	1.12±0.59^a	0.90±0.03^a	0.0018±0.0005^a	0.0703±0.0026^abcde	0.05±0.07^abc	0.36±0.10^a
N-win	19.44±2.09^a	31.45±0.59^c	8.35±0.08^d	8.20±0.66^c	1.37±1.05^a	0.91±0.02^a	0.0016±0.0005^a	0.0696±0.0033^abcd	0.02±0.01^a	0.43±0.15^ab
C-win	19.13±2.08^a	31.36±0.70^c	8.34±0.07^d	8.21±1.04^c	1.17±0.52^a	0.91±0.02^a	0.0019±0.0007^a	0.0681±0.0024^a	0.04±0.04^abc	0.46±0.16^ab

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

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组别	Ace指数	Chao1指数	Simpson指数	Shannon指数	Coverage覆盖率
W-spr	284.66±57.61^ab	287.08±57.21^bc	0.962±0.008^bc	5.92±0.26^bc	1.000
N-spr	276.82±15.09^ab	276.73±14.71^ab	0.952±0.014^a	5.64±0.38^a	1.000
C-spr	251.49±52.84^a	251.41±53.02^a	0.957±0.014^ab	5.78±0.34^ab	1.000
W-sum	333.97±23.17^cd	335.24±23.44^de	0.969±0.009^cd	6.22±0.29^d	1.000
N-sum	334.45±27.75^cd	335.21±27.57^de	0.969±0.006^cd	6.23±0.24^d	1.000
C-sum	325.79±17.54^cd	326.20±17.98^de	0.969±0.007^cd	6.17±0.18^cd	1.000
W-aut	348.84±19.38^de	349.16±18.88^e	0.971±0.002^cd	6.18±0.15^cd	1.000
N-aut	382.22±35.42^e	382.89±34.71^f	0.973±0.003^d	6.32±0.19^d	1.000
C-aut	336.60±28.12^cd	338.15±29.12^e	0.969±0.009^cd	6.09±0.17^cd	1.000
W-win	335.16±50.37^cd	337.29±47.56^e	0.969±0.007^cd	6.27±0.37^d	1.000
N-win	320.57±44.63^cd	320.56±44.20^cde	0.965±0.009^cd	6.14±0.27^cd	1.000
C-win	298.96±27.94^bc	298.76±27.79^bcd	0.969±0.004^cd	6.11±0.15^cd	1.000

Analysis of bacterial diversity and environmental factors in the Pearl Bay Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus aquaculture area

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