粤港澳大湾区近海中小型浮游动物分布特征及影响因素*

doi:10.11978/2022137

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of hydrological dynamics and environmental changes caused by human activities on the zooplankton community structure in the coastal waters of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, zooplankton samples were collected in 3 transections (in the Pearl River Estuary, Daya Bay and Huangmao Sea) in July 2019 (summer) and December 2020 (winter). The characteristics of meso- and micro-zooplankton community were analyzed, and the influencing factors of their seasonal and regional differences were discussed. A total of 211 zooplankton species (including larvae) were identified in the study area, among which copepods accounted for 42.18%. The diversity and abundance of zooplankton showed obvious seasonal and regional differences. The number of species and average abundance of zooplankton were higher in summer than that in winter, and the species diversity in offshore waters was higher than that in nearshore waters. The high values of zooplankton abundance were located in the interface of saline- and plume- waters of the Pearl River Estuary in both seasons. In summer, the average abundance in estuarine waters was obviously higher than that in the Daya Bay, while in winter there was no such difference in the nearshore waters. The results of cluster analysis showed that the zooplankton community could be divided into three groups, i.e. the estuarine group, the bay group and the far-shore group in summer. The estuarine waters was greatly affected by runoff, and the community structure was significantly different from that of the Daya Bay. However, there was no significant difference in community structure between the estuarine and the bay in winter. Parvocalanus crassirostris and Oithona brevicornis were dominant species in both seasons, Bestiolina amoyensis, Acartiella sinensis and Oithona simplex were also dominant in the wet season, while Paracalanus parvus was also dominant in the dry season. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis results showed that there were interspecific and seasonal differences in the correlations between the abundance of different species and temperature, salinity, phytoplankton biomass and nutrients, suggesting that the complex water environment in the Greater Bay Area had a potential influence on the differentiation of meso- and micro-zooplankton community structure.

Key words: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Pearl River Estuary, Daya Bay, Huangmao Sea, meso- and micro-zooplankton, community structure

SONG Xingyu, LIN Yajun, ZHANG Liangkui, XIANG Chenhui, HUANG Yadong, ZHENG Chuanyang. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of meso- and micro-zooplankton communities in the offshore waters of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(3): 136-148.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Characteristics of the water environment in the areas where different zooplankton communities are located in the Greater Bay Area offshore in summer and winter"

环境特征	夏季表层			夏季底层						冬季底层
环境特征	群落S-I	群落S-Ⅱ	群落S-Ⅲ	群落S-I	群落S-Ⅱ	群落S-Ⅲ	群落W-I	群落W-Ⅱ	群落W-Ⅲ	群落W-I	群落W-Ⅱ	群落W-Ⅲ
温度/℃	30.21±0.67^a	28.44±0.7^b	28.93±1.47^ab	22.86±0.61^a	23.51±1.08^a	25.76±1.42^b	20.92±0.72^a	20.05±0.58^a	19.05±1.01^b	21.49±0.88^a	20.24±0.69^b	19.25±0.75^c
盐度/‰	28.42±4.79^a	32.71±0.44^a	3.59±3.4^b	34.64±0.46	34.33±0.2	25±12.02	32.09±0.53^a	31±1.22^a	21.64±8.23^b	32.62±0.65^a	31.21±1.03^a	24.16±6.72^b
pH	8.51±0.16	8.41±0.03	8.11±0.52	8.27±0.06^a	8.1±0.11^ab	8.01±0.18^b	7.92±0.08	7.8±0.17	7.75±0.14	8.03±0.02^a	7.95±0.05^a	7.82±0.13^b
DO/(mg·L^-1)	7.93±1.51	7.02±0.17	8.08±2.59	5.56±0.58	3.69±0.33	5.1±2	7.57±0.25^a	7.66±0.29^a	8.33±0.82^b	7.1±0.18	7.17±0.11	7.44±0.5
浊度/FNU	0.57±0.58^a	2.49±2.01^ab	11.46±13.15^b	1.41±1.44^a	3.62±1.05^a	17.5±11.69^b	1.43±1.61^a	7.89±8.46^ab	21.4±19.51^b	1.06±0.54^a	18.97±25.53^ab	37.05±34.83^b
DIN/(μmol·L^-1)	16.36±24.08^a	2.17±0.18^a	166.67±54.97^b	5.82±2.78^a	6.08±2.49^a	72.58±55.56^b	12.16±2.74	20.77±10.99	50.77±49.77	10.69±5.55^a	17.21±7.36^a	49.33±43.91^b
DIP/(μmol·L^-1)	0.44±0.1^a	0.56±0.16^a	2.67±1.34^b	1.05±0.23^a	1.1±0.14^a	2.69±0.92^b	0.4±0.08^a	0.48±0.25^a	0.87±0.37^b	0.46±0.23	0.58±0.22	0.78±0.28
N:P	31.83±44.53^ab	4.12±0.99^a	82.97±49.08^b	5.36±1.99^a	5.38±1.94^a	24.25±16.18^b	32.49±10.83	134.57±213.8	51.67±37.21	34.39±29.06	29.93±43.88	52.44±38.91
SiO2- 3/(μmol·L^-1)	25.28±27.55^a	15.84±4.34^a	162.06±38.14^b	16.89±6.48^a	22.12±11.82^a	106.29±63.93^b	33.46±2.43^a	49.99±8.74^a	102.86±53.2^b	31.24±7.97^a	46.18±10.64^a	106.61±50.77^b
Chl a/(μg·L^-1)	5.25±7.17	3.29±2.07	5.59±5.22	1.41±1.25	3.13±1.89	2.08±0.99	1.28±0.29^a	1.59±0.57^a	2.67±0.86^b	1.27±0.54^a	1.54±0.44^a	2.28±0.63^b

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 4

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类群	夏季	冬季	共有种	合计	占比/%
原生动物	1	1	0	2	0.95
轮虫	4	0	0	4	1.9
刺胞动物	32	15	11	36	17.06
栉水母	1	1	1	1	0.47
异足类	1	1	1	1	0.47
翼足类	4	3	3	4	1.9
枝角类	6	2	2	6	2.84
介形类	2	3	1	4	1.9
桡足类	80	62	53	89	42.18
糠虾类	1	3	0	4	1.9
端足类	4	4	1	7	3.32
磷虾类	1	1	0	2	0.95
十足类	2	3	2	3	1.42
涟虫	0	1	0	1	0.47
毛颚类	10	9	8	11	5.21
被囊类	9	7	5	11	5.21
浮游幼虫	21	20	16	25	11.85
合计	179	136	104	211	100

季节	项目	平均值	范围
夏季	丰度/(10⁴ind.·m^-3)	4.26±4.34	0.24~17.03
	多样性指数(H′)	3.21±0.73	1.83~4.28
	均匀度(J′)	0.57±0.08	0.38~0.69
冬季	丰度/(10⁴ind.·m^-3)	0.48±0.43	0.05~1.59
	多样性指数(H′)	2.97±0.52	2.25~3.94
	均匀度(J′)	0.58±0.07	0.49~0.72

	浮游动物物种	平均丰度/(10⁴ind.·m^-3)	占比/%	优势度
夏季	强额孔雀哲水蚤Parvocalanus crassirostris	1.07±1.59	25.02	0.24
	厦门矮隆哲水蚤Bestiolina amoyensis	0.26±0.53	6.16	0.03
	中华异水蚤Acartiella sinensis	0.24±0.57	5.59	0.02
	简长腹剑水蚤Oithona simplex	0.21±0.36	4.86	0.03
	短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis	0.20±0.29	4.72	0.04
冬季	强额孔雀哲水蚤Parvocalanus crassirostris	0.09±0.15	19.28	0.18
	短角长腹剑水蚤Oithona brevicornis	0.03±0.07	6.96	0.07
	小拟哲水蚤Paracalanus parvus	0.03±0.04	5.44	0.05

	夏季			冬季
	群落S-I	群落S-Ⅱ	群落S-Ⅲ	群落W-I	群落W-Ⅱ	群落W-Ⅲ
丰度/(10⁴ind.·m^-3)	1.87±2.18^a	4.16±1.86^ab	7.13±5.53^b	0.23±0.09	0.61±0.49	0.51±0.44
多样性指数(H')	3.8±0.31^a	3.21±0.52^a	2.5±0.55^b	3.51±0.25^a	3.03±0.44^b	2.45±0.16^c
均匀度指数(J')	0.61±0.05^a	0.57±0.06^ab	0.51±0.08^b	0.62±0.05	0.58±0.08	0.54±0.05
优势种	短角长腹剑水蚤(0.11) 强额孔雀哲水蚤(0.09) 肥胖三角溞(0.02) 挪威小毛猛水蚤(0.03)	强额孔雀哲水蚤(0.29) 简长腹剑水蚤(0.14) 短角长腹剑水蚤(0.05) 肥胖三角溞(0.04) 鸟喙尖头溞(0.03) 尖额谐猛水蚤(0.03)	强额孔雀哲水蚤(0.23) 厦门矮隆哲水蚤(0.07) 中华异水蚤(0.09)	长尾住囊虫(0.08) 小拟哲水蚤(0.04) 平大眼剑水蚤(0.04) 尖额谐猛水蚤(0.03) 针刺拟哲水蚤(0.03) 挪威小毛猛水蚤(0.02)	强额孔雀哲水蚤(0.14) 小拟哲水蚤(0.07) 短角长腹剑水蚤(0.03)	强额孔雀哲水蚤(0.34) 短角长腹剑水蚤(0.15) 简长腹剑水蚤(0.04)

			丰度	H'	温度	盐度	pH	DO	浊度	DIP	SiO2- 3	DIN	N:P	Chl a
夏季	丰度	表层	-	-0.51^*	0.021	-0.472	-0.095	0.118	0.1	0.511^*	0.53^*	0.404	0.328	0.254
	丰度	底层	-	-0.51^*	0.41	0.027	-0.239	-0.412	0.283	0.284	0.05	-0.002	0.024	0.23
	H'	表层	-0.51^* -0.51^*	-	0.492^*	0.701^**	0.583^*	0.298	-0.635^**	-0.813^**	-0.77^**	-0.718^**	-0.195	0.116
	H'	底层	-0.51^* -0.51^*	-	-0.778^**	0.685^**	0.792^**	0.203	-0.8^**	-0.752^**	-0.707^**	-0.684^**	-0.649^**	-0.302
冬季	丰度	表层	-	-0.484^* -0.484^*	-0.162	0.073	0.184	-0.123	0.102	-0.029	-0.019	-0.001	0.054	0.33
	丰度	底层	-	-0.484^* -0.484^*	-0.299	0.021	-0.057	0.052	0.061	0.249	0.003	-0.054	-0.304	0.509^*
	H'	表层	-0.484^* -0.484^*	-	0.667^**	0.551^*	0.178	-0.403	-0.388	-0.401	-0.572^*	-0.422	-0.175	-0.637^**
	H'	底层	-0.484^* -0.484^*	-	0.733^**	0.56^*	0.608	-0.384	-0.45	-0.686^**	-0.613^**	-0.479^*	0.123	-0.735^**

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of meso- and micro-zooplankton communities in the offshore waters of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area^*

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of meso- and micro-zooplankton communities in the offshore waters of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area*

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of meso- and micro-zooplankton communities in the offshore waters of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area^*